Design into 3D
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Design into 3D
Introduction
1st Concepts
2D Drawing
3D Project
Prototypes and Designs
Toolpaths
Mitered Box
Box (Finger) Joints
Radiused Box joints
Blind Miter & Hidden Spline
Mortise and Tenon Joinery
Butt Joints and Measuring
Box with Fitted Lid
Blind Miter Box Joints
Adjustable Modular Designs
Further Toolpath Details
Drawer Organizers
A Final Project
3D Modeling
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Introduction
A system for parametric design of projects for CNC or traditional techniques
Design into 3D is an effort to create a systematic set of design and fabrication techniques and project generators for objects made using CNC machines, documenting things well enough that one would be able to draw up traditional plans using pen and pencil and fabricate an instance of a project using hand tools, or create files which will efficiently and correctly make toolpaths for cutting on a CNC.
It is simultaneously:
The design philosophy touches on the idea that fundamentally there are only two types of furniture:
  • platforms
  • boxes
with more complicated pieces incorporating both structures, and that any object is fundamentally described in two ways:
  • its design
  • its dimensions
Currently it uses BlockSCAD and OpenSCAD Graph Editor as front-ends to OpenSCAD, a 3D modeling tool which can then afford a comfortable front-end using the customizer feature in OpenSCAD which is available in current versions.[1]
There are several possible approaches for making designs from BlockSCAD/OpenSCAD:
  • use the Projection() command to allow the exporting of a 2D view of the design as a DXF or SVG which may then have toolpaths made using a traditional CAM tool
  • directly export the 3D design as an STL which may then have toolpaths made using a 3D CAM tool such as MeshCAM or pyCAM
  • import the OpenSCAD file into FreeCAD and use the Path Workbench to create G-Code
  • exporting the parameters from the customizer as a preset in a JSON file (which is stored in the same directory as the OpenSCAD source file) the JSON may then be loaded into a program developed using a second language which generates a design using those parameters ― eventually for cutting, or toolpaths without further user intervention. As an example, the initial implementation of this from the afore-mentioned paper in TUGboat uses METAPOST via the library embedded in LuaTeX and importing the JSON file using the Lua scripting language​
  • from within OpenSCAD (or some other programming/modeling tool) develop the design so that toolpaths are modeled and the coordinate information may be exported as G-Code commands ― RapCAD (a fork of OpenSCAD) gained the ability to write out files in v1.0.2, see: https://forum.makerforums.info/t/g-code-preview-using-openscad-rapcad/85729​
The first and last two options will be explored in the course of this text.
An alternative which is worth exploring is working up a program in a general-purpose programming language and writing out in parallel both .scad code for a 3D model as a preview, and G-Code for actually cutting out the parts. Two examples of this approach are:
This online ebook is available under a Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/​
The Kickstarter edition and print versions are available under a license which will allow commercial usage to a reasonable degree.
Please contact [email protected] if you wish to arrange for any other sort of arrangement.
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1st Concepts
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