> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://willadams.gitbook.io/design-into-3d/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://willadams.gitbook.io/design-into-3d/mortise-and-tenon-joinery.md).

# Mortise and Tenon Joinery

Traditional mortise and tenons, like most wood joinery are cut with saw and chisels (possibly with a suitable plane as well) and have sharp linear features which are not easily replicated on a CNC with a round endmill.

One technique would be to cut the mortise with the part flat on the wasteboard, and the tenon held at a 90 degree angle in a vertical fixture, rounding it to match the radius of the pocket used to cut the mortise. See the chapter on [Fingerjoints ](/design-into-3d/fingerjoints.md)for a fixture and the mechanics of doing thus.

An alternative which could be cut in a single setup would be to cut the tenon in two halves each laid flat on the wasteboard and rounding them using a cove radius endmill as used for the [Radiused Fingerjoints](/design-into-3d/radiused-fingerjoints.md) of the previous chapter. The mortise would need to be similarly rounded to fit, or one could relieve the shoulder using a V carving.

## Full Thickness Tenons

A more expedient option is to use the full thickness of the stock for the tenon thickness and to cut the mortise with dogbones or tees, possibly using a cove radius endmill or a V carving to round off the mortise to allow the parts to fit snugly. It is this option which will be explored here.

When the stock has a tenon cut while flat the tenons will have a rounded base which will need to be adjusted for when cutting the mortises:

![Tenons cut from flat stock.](/files/-MVsi9Rg1Jq7mBkbMZkZ)

When cutting the mortises it will be necessary to cut T-bones or dogbones to allow for the square corners, and the longitudinal edges will need to be relieved, say with a V cut.

![Mortises relieved with a V cut.](/files/-MWCHpXfQ22BRXceBwcg)

With code in place to make the mortises and tenons, it is a simple matter to use them in a suitable design:

![Child's step stool made with mortise and tenon joinery.](/files/-MWamd_z8AlMlw-pwi9r)

Available at: <https://www.blockscad3d.com/community/projects/1151153>

Arguably, the proportions should be adjusted, since the current dimensions seem more bench-like and is a bit low for use.

![Child's step stool with visible mortise and tenon joinery](/files/-MWasHwgI7fcuBkMPyri)

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