# Prototypes and Designs

As noted, functional objects are either boxes or platforms. Creating a template for a basic box design will allow the development of features and capabilities which may then be used for specific design implementations. Setup is straight-forward: variables for parameters and some modules for the parts:

![Design into 3D: Box: Basic](/files/-MD7z5967A7aaENe94lY)

Then it is simply a matter of setting up the logic for making either a DXF or a 3D preview and positioning (and if need be rotating) the parts for the appropriate view. For the flat (DXF) plan view:

![Design into 3D: Box: Flat Plan (DXF) View](/files/-MD84VyNB7JUr1AnfDdq)

Or for the 3D Preview:

![Design into 3D: Box: 3D Preview](/files/-MD84wyu1Yw78BqdEtxC)

This design template is available at: <https://www.blockscad3d.com/community/projects/1012246>.

With the basic box design worked up the project may be duplicated for specific implementations and varying sorts of joinery techniques:

* fingerjoints ― there are two different approaches here, traditional which are cut with the boards standing on end in a vertical fixture: <https://cutrocket.com/p/5cb536396c281/> or a contemporary approach which typically uses sheet goods and are cut flat on the machine with the finger joints relieved in some way (dogbones or some similar approach are easily done since they rely on the same tool used for the bulk of the cutting, *e.g.*, <https://docs.carbide3d.com/tutorials/project-minibox/> or <https://docs.carbide3d.com/tutorials/project-simplebox/>)
* dovetails ― these also require that the boards be cut in a vertical fixture for traditional approaches
* rabbet joints ― these were shown in the previous chapter
* butt joints ― typically using nails or other hardware, these are simply a matter of appropriately shortening the boards. Reinforcing with dowels or some other suitable technique may be easily done using a vertical fixture
* miter joints ― while modern adhesives make such joints feasible it is best to reinforce them in some way, full-blind dovetails being a traditional technique, but one which would be challenging to manage via CNC
* Knapp joints ― like to the dovetail joints which they replace these require a vertical fixture

  <https://github.com/WillAdams/Design_Into_3D/tree/master/box/knapp>&#x20;

There are 3 approaches for cutting joinery on a CNC:

* boards oriented at 90 degrees to each other using a vertical fixture such as: <https://cutrocket.com/p/5cb25f3380844/>
* boards arranged at various angles via fixtures ― one example was the commercial program AnyTail which used a 15 degree fixture so that a 30 degree V endmill could make a 90 degree cut at the end of the board and various features which would line up
* boards (or sheet goods) flat on the machine&#x20;

Since joints using vertical fixtures are simply a reprise of traditional work and mechanically simpler, they will be explored briefly in a following chapter, but it is the latter technique which will be focused on in the balance of the book.


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